Systems and methods for identifying a vehicle platform using machine learning on vehicle bus data

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the invention include a vehicle telematics system that obtains vehicle bus data for a time period, determines identification information regarding a vehicle platform using a machine learning process on the vehicle bus data, and obtains a set of communication data for communicating with at least one vehicle module on the vehicle bus based on the identified vehicle platform.

The present patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 toU.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/803,785, now U.S. Pat. No.11,727,271, which was filed on Feb. 27, 2020, the entirety of both ofwhich is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present invention relates to telematics devices with automaticinstallation and configuration abilities that can determine a vehicleidentity and configure a telematics device accordingly to enablecommunication on different types of vehicles with different vehicle buscommunication platforms. In particular, a telematics device canautomatically identify a vehicle platform or a vehicle bus “electronicsignature”, which can be associated with different years, makes andmodels (YMM) among other identifying features of vehicles based on ananalysis of raw vehicle bus data. Many embodiments of the telematicsdevice may utilize machine learning models to train and classify vehiclebus data for different types of vehicles with different YMMs. Manyembodiments of the telematics device use a matching technique to obtainvehicle identification data from vehicle devices on the vehicle bus andmatch that data with data previously stored within a database thatprovides sets of information for enabling communicating on vehicles withdifferent platforms.

BACKGROUND

Telematics is the integrated use of telecommunications and informatics.Telematics units are installed in vehicles to provide a variety oftelematics functionality in the vehicle. This functionality includes,but is not limited to, emergency warning systems, navigationfunctionality, safety warnings, and automated driving assistance.Telematics units are also capable of recording vehicle information/datarelated to the operation of the vehicle and providing that informationfor analysis, whether in real-time or not, such as during a time whenthe vehicle is being serviced. The vehicle information/data (telematicsdata) generated by a telematics unit can be used in a variety ofapplications, such as fleet tracking, shipment tracking, insurancecalculations, and in vehicle management and service.

A vehicle bus is a specialized internal communications network thatinterconnects components inside a vehicle (e.g., automobile, bus, train,industrial or agricultural vehicle, ship, or aircraft). Protocolsinclude Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN)among various others. Typical electronic vehicle modules or vehicledevices on today's vehicles include the Engine Control Unit (ECU), theTransmission Control Unit (TCU), the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) andbody control modules (BCM), among others. Each module, a node on thevehicle network, controls specific components related to its functionand communicates with the other modules as necessary using a particularprotocol over the vehicle network.

OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used torequest data from a vehicle, which can be used as a diagnostic tool. SAEstandard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. Manufacturers may also defineadditional PIDs specific to their vehicles. The majority of all OBD-IIPIDs in use are non-standard. For most modern vehicles, there are manymore functions supported on the OBD-II interface than are covered by thestandard PIDs, and there is relatively minor overlap between vehiclemanufacturers for these non-standard PIDs.

A vehicle identification number (VIN) is the identifying code for aspecific vehicle and serves as a vehicle's fingerprint. The vehicle'sVIN number may be provided to an outside third party, such as a “VINlookup” service, in order to obtain identifying information for avehicle, including a year, make and model, and telematics devices mayuse this information in order to obtain information regarding aparticular vehicle's identity.

SUMMARY

Systems and methods for identifying a vehicle platform and configuring atelematics device for a set of vehicle devices associated with thevehicle platform in accordance with embodiments of the invention aredisclosed. In an embodiment, a method for identifying a vehicle platformusing vehicle bus data includes: obtaining vehicle bus data for a timeperiod from a vehicle; identifying a vehicle platform using a machinelearning process on the vehicle bus data; obtaining a set ofcommunication data for communicating with at least one vehicle module onthe vehicle bus based on the identified vehicle platform.

In a further embodiment, the method includes extracting data from atleast one data-field from the vehicle bus data; performing statisticalanalysis on the data from at least one data field; and providing theextracted data and statistical analysis to a machine learning process.

In still a further embodiment again, the method includes performingstatistical analysis further including determining frequency informationfor several vehicle module IDs in the vehicle bus data for the timeperiod; using the machine learning process on the frequency informationto identify a vehicle platform; and-using the identified vehicleplatform to configure the vehicle with a set of On-Board DiagnosticParameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs).

In yet still a further embodiment again, the vehicle bus is a ControllerArea Network (CAN) vehicle bus and the communication data is a set ofOn-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs).

In still a further additional embodiment, the method further includes:—obtaining information regarding a year, make, and model (YMM) of theidentified vehicle platform; and-using the YMM information to obtain aset of OBD-II PIDs for the vehicle.

In still a further embodiment again, the machine learning process is asupervised neural network model that has been trained on a set ofvehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of different vehicles withdifferent YMMs.

In still a further embodiment still, the machine learning process is anunsupervised machine learning process that performs cluster analysis onvehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of vehicles to group thevehicle bus data.

In still a further embodiment again still, the machine learning processis performed at least in part on the device.

In yet still a further embodiment again, the machine learning process isperformed at least in part on a smart phone in communication with thedevice.

In another embodiment, a vehicle telematics device, includes: —aprocessor and a memory storing a vehicle telematics application; and acommunication interface for communicating with a remote server systemand a plurality of vehicle modules on a vehicle bus of the vehicle;where the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicletelematics application, is directed to: obtain vehicle bus data for atime period; identify a vehicle platform using a machine learningprocess on the vehicle bus data; obtain a set of communication data forcommunicating with at least one vehicle module on the vehicle bus basedon the identified vehicle platform.

In still a further embodiment, the processor of the telematics device,on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:extract data from at least one data-field from the vehicle bus data;perform statistical analysis on the data from at least one data field;and provide the extracted data and statistical analysis to the machinelearning process.

In still a further embodiment, the extracted data and statisticalanalysis are provided to a remote server system that performs a machinelearning model on the extracted data and statistical analysis.

In still a further embodiment, the machine learning process is performedat least in part on the device.

In still a further embodiment, the machine learning process is performedat least in part on a smart phone in communication with the device.

In still a further embodiment, the processor of the telematics device,on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:determine frequency information for a plurality of vehicle module IDs inthe vehicle bus data for the time period; and provide the frequencyinformation for the plurality of vehicle module IDs to the machinelearning process to identify a vehicle platform; and use the identifiedvehicle platform to configure the vehicle with a set of On-BoardDiagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs).

In still a further embodiment, the vehicle bus is a Controller AreaNetwork (CAN) vehicle bus and the communication data is a set ofOn-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs).

In still a further embodiment, the processor of the telematics device,on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:obtaining information regarding a year, make, and model (YMM) of theidentified vehicle platform; and using the YMM information to obtain aset of OBD-II PIDs for the vehicle.

In still a further embodiment, the machine learning process is asupervised neural network model that has been trained on a set ofvehicle bus data obtained from several different vehicles with differentYMMs.

In still a further embodiment, the machine learning process is anunsupervised machine learning process that performs cluster analysis onvehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of vehicles to group thevehicle bus data.

In still a further embodiment, the time period is dynamically adjustedand determined based on an accuracy of the machine learning process on aset of collected bus data.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a vehicle telematics system inaccordance with an embodiment

FIG. 2A is a conceptual block diagram of a vehicle telematics device inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention

FIG. 2B is a conceptual block diagram of a remote server system inaccordance with an embodiment

FIG. 3 illustrates a block circuit diagram of components of a telematicsdevice in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a software architecture for use with telematicsdevices in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of different vehicle modules that mayexist on a vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a process for generating a set of vehicle platformsfor different vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 7 illustrates identifiable data types that can be used foridentification of a vehicle and/or vehicle type in accordance with anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of different vehicle modules that can beavailable for different types of vehicles in accordance with anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates a process for obtaining identifying information fromvehicle devices and configuring a telematics device accordingly inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual block diagram of a supervised machine learningsystem in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a vehicle CAN bus data log for aparticular vehicle that can be used for training a machine learningmodel in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual block diagram of a supervised machine learningsystem, including example feature extraction of information from theavailable vehicle bus data in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 13 is a conceptual block diagram of an unsupervised machinelearning system in accordance with an embodiment

FIG. 14 illustrates a clustering machine learning model to cluster intodifferent groups vehicle bus data in accordance with an embodiment ofthe invention.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of using a K-Nearest Neighbor to clustera set of vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 16 illustrates a process for training a machine learning model onvehicle bus data to identify and classifying vehicles in accordance withan embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 17 illustrates a process for identifying a vehicle platform andconfiguring a telematics device accordingly in accordance with anembodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Turning now to the drawings, systems and methods for configuringtelematics devices for identifying a vehicle platform and configuringthe telematics device for the set of vehicle devices associated with thevehicle platform in accordance with embodiments of the invention aredisclosed. Many current telematics devices rely on using third party“VIN lookup” services in order to obtain vehicle identificationinformation for a particular vehicle, such as the year, make, model(YMM) of the vehicle, in order to configure a telematics device for theparticular vehicle platform to enable the telematics device tocommunicate with the vehicle modules on the vehicle according to theparticular communication protocol used by the vehicle. In particular, aset of configuration parameters may be specified for each YMM of avehicle and many different configuration parameters may exist for manydifferent vehicle types. However, VIN lookup services are not availablein many countries throughout the world. Accordingly, many embodimentsprovide for systems and methods for identifying a vehicle platform usingvehicle data obtained from different vehicle modules and matching thatdata with data stored in a database that has been reverse engineered fordifferent vehicles with different vehicle platforms.

In particular, in order to determine a YMM of a vehicle, many existingtelematics devices can obtain the VIN of the vehicle and, using athird-party VIN lookup service, can obtain the vehicle identificationinformation (e.g., YMM). However, many countries, and in particular inLatin America, do not yet offer VIN lookup services, and thus obtainingidentifying information for a vehicle using a VIN number is notavailable. Furthermore, many VIN lookup services charge a fee for theservice, and this would be incurred each time a telematics device needsto be configured (e.g., including obtaining the correct set of OBD-IIPIDS for communicating with vehicle modules) during installation withina vehicle.

Furthermore, even within a same YMM of a vehicle, many different vehicletrim levels and configurations may be available for the vehicle,including upgrades and addition of features, and thus a same YMM vehiclecan still have a different set of vehicle modules. Thus, applying aconfiguration based on YMM may still not be sufficient for communicatingwith different vehicles of a same type given the differences that mayexist in the vehicle modules. Likewise, vehicle can be customized andvehicle modules can be added, removed, installed from differentmanufacturers, have different version numbers, hardware profiles,firmware configurations, among various other differences. Accordingly,in order to provide configuration parameters for a specific set ofmodules on a vehicle, telematics devices in accordance with manyembodiments of the invention are able to determine the set ofconfiguration parameters specific to a particular vehicle based onidentifying a platform associated with the vehicle. A platform can be aset of configuration settings for permitting communication with a set ofvehicle devices on a particular vehicle. A platform can be shared amongvehicles of a same YMM, but can also be different for vehicles with asame YMM, such as those vehicles having different trim configurations,customizations, after market parts, among many other differences.Furthermore, vehicles with different YMM can also be associated with asame platform. For example, vehicles manufactured by a same parentcompany can have a shared platform, such as Lexus and Toyota which arepart of a same parent company (Toyota) and thus can share many vehiclemodules.

Accordingly, many embodiments are able to identify a vehicle platformfor a particular vehicle based on an analysis of various identificationdata received from several different vehicle modules on the vehicle. Inmany embodiments, the platform can be identified by collectingidentifying information from one or more vehicle modules on a vehicle,and matching the identifying information with previously reverseengineered platform profile information stored within a database thatdetermines a particular platform and associated set of configurationsettings (e.g., PIDs) for the vehicle. In many embodiments, the databaseincludes platform information for many different vehicle modules thathave been identified for different vehicles through reverse engineering,and each module can be associated with a set of PIDS for the particularmodule.

In many embodiments, the collection and storage of platform data iscollected using reverse engineering, whereby for each vehicle type ofmany different vehicle types, bus logs are obtained and analyzed inorder to identify a set of PIDs for each vehicle module on theparticular vehicle. The platform data can include many differentidentifiers collected for the particular vehicle, including manufacturerinformation, software ID information, hardware ID, version number, ODXfile number, ISO code, Serial number, Diagnostic ID, Part Number, ECUpart number, among many other types of data that can be used foridentification of a vehicle module and/or a vehicle type. Each differenttype of vehicle and vehicle module may provide different types of data,if any, on the vehicle bus and this data can be collected for futureidentification of the vehicle platform.

Accordingly, a set of platforms can be generated, where each platformspecifies a set of configuration settings for a set of vehicle modulesfor a vehicle of a particular type or having a particular platform. Assuch, vehicles can be associated with a same platform if the vehicleshave the same or similar vehicle modules. The platform database can beused to match identification information obtained from a vehicle bus ofan unknown vehicle to match the information with the stored informationto determine a platform of the vehicle, whereby the configurationsettings (e.g., PIDs) can be provided to the vehicle.

In many embodiments, the platform data can also include variousinformation regarding the particular platform of a vehicle, including abus type, bus speed, bit offset, and byte length, among various otherdata fields for communicating on the particular vehicle platform.Accordingly, by using reverse engineering to build a database withconfiguration and identification information for many different types ofvehicles, a telematics device can seamlessly integrate and be configuredaccording to the particular specifications utilized by a particularvehicle.

In many embodiments, machine learning can be used to identify a vehicleplatform and to determine a set of configuration settings for thevehicle. In particular, in many embodiments, a machine learning processcan be trained using a large collection of pre-labeled training datathat includes CAN bus traffic for many different vehicle platforms,including different vehicle makes, models, years, trims, geographiclocations, among various other differences associated with differentplatforms. In many embodiments, a vehicle can be classified usingmachine learning, by considering a pattern, frequency, and/or content ofcommunication over the vehicle bus (e.g., vehicle CAN bus) as itselectronic signature. Accordingly, many embodiments can use the vehicleCAN bus electronic signature and build and train a neural network on awell labeled dataset of different vehicles, including their electronicsignatures and vectors, and the machine learning model can be used toidentify any new vehicle, including identifying, among otherinformation, a YMM of a vehicle, by classifying it based on the vehiclesignatures that the neural network has already seen and been trainedupon. In many embodiments, the training data can be a collection of busstatistics for different vehicles, where an electronic signature of avehicle can be determined based on a frequency of a particular vehiclemodule device ID (e.g., a Message ID datafield within a CAN bus datatraffic) appearing within a pre-set time period within the bus trafficof the particular vehicle platform. In many embodiments, a centralserver can contain a database of vehicle bus statistics and the machinelearning model can be trained on this dataset. Subsequently, a remotedevice can collect vehicle CAN bus statistics on a particular vehicleand wirelessly report this information to the server, which can use themachine learning model to classify the reported statistics and match theclassified result to a vehicle platform. In many embodiments, thevehicle device can perform both the collection of the bus data and themachine learning process on the data. In several embodiments, atelematics device can be connected to a smart phone and utilize theprocessing capabilities of the smart phone device to perform at leastsome of the machine learning processing on the vehicle data. Anycombination of processing can be performed on any one of the telematicsdevice, a remote server, and/or a smartphone connected to the telematicsdevice through wired or wireless (e.g., Bluetooth, BLE, among others)connections.

In many embodiments, a vehicle platform can be associated with aspecific set of ODB-II PIDs within a database on the server for a set ofvehicle modules on the particular vehicle, whereby the server cantransmit the PID definitions to the telematics device on the vehicle forconfiguring the device to communicate with the various vehicle modules.In many embodiments, the machine learning model can be executed usingany combination of a server, telematics device, and/or smartphone device(e.g., iPhone, Android, among numerous others). Profile matching andmachine learning techniques for matching identification information withstored vehicle profiles to configure telematics devices in accordancewith embodiments of the invention are described in detail throughoutthis application.

Vehicle Telematics Systems

Vehicle telematics systems in accordance with embodiments of theinvention can communicate with a telematics device installed on avehicle. A conceptual diagram of a vehicle telematics system inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a vehicle telematics system 100 inaccordance with an embodiment. Vehicle telematics systems describedherein can obtain a variety of identification data for a vehicle todetermine device configuration settings, which can include a set ofon-board diagnostic Parameter IDs (PIDs), for the vehicle. The vehicletelematics system 100 includes one or more vehicle telematics devices(110, 110′, etc.) typically mounted in or on a vehicle (102, 102′,etc.).

A vehicle (102, 102′, etc.) can be any car, truck, bus, train, airplane,helicopter, drone, motorcycle, bicycle, watercraft, land craft, and/oraircraft, among other vehicles. A vehicle (102, 102′, etc.) can bemanned, unmanned, motorized, unmotorized, directly operated, remotelyoperated, artificial intelligence operated, self-driving, self-flying,and/or self-sailing, among other things. A vehicle can be operated by anoperator (e.g., driver) and/or operated at least in part by an automatedsystem (e.g., self-driving system, etc.).

Many other configurations of the vehicle 102 are within the scope of thepresent technology. FIG. 1 illustrates the vehicle 102′ including avehicle telematics device 110′ having a mobile communication device116′. The vehicle telematics device 110′ is coupled to a vehicle databus 112′ and an I/O interface 114′. The devices 110′, 112′, 114′, and116′ may function like the devices 110, 112, 114, and 116, but may havedifferent physical configurations.

The vehicle telematics device 110 can be coupled to a connector and/or awire harness in communication with one or more vehicle data bus 112 ofthe vehicle 102 to obtain power and exchange signals with one or morevehicle devices or sensors, including one or more electronic controlunit (ECU) modules. In certain embodiments, the vehicle telematicsdevice 110 can interface to the vehicle data using wirelesscommunications (e.g., Bluetooth, among others) to communicate with theone more ECUs.

The vehicle telematics device 110 can further be coupled to a wired orwireless input/output (I/O) interface 114 and/or a mobile communicationsdevice 116 as appropriate to the requirements of specific applicationsof the embodiments.

In a variety of embodiments, the vehicle telematics device 110communicates with the remote server system 130 via the mobilecommunications device 116 over a network 120. In a variety ofembodiments, the network 120 is the Internet. In many embodiments, thenetwork 120 is any wired or wireless network, such as a cellularnetwork, between the vehicle telematics device 110 and/or the remoteserver system 130. In a number of embodiments, the remote server system130 is implemented by using a single server system. In severalembodiments, the remote server system 130 is implemented by usingmultiple server systems.

In a variety of embodiments, the vehicle telematics device 110 isinstalled in a vehicle 102 having the vehicle data bus 112. In severalembodiments, the vehicle telematics device 110 is connected to a vehiclediagnostic connector that provides access to the vehicle data bus 112.The vehicle telematics device 110 can obtain data from any of a varietyof vehicle devices and modules connected to the vehicle data bus 112utilizing any of a variety of techniques as appropriate to therequirements of specific applications of embodiments. Vehicle devicescan include, but are not limited to, engine sensors, electronic controlunit (ECU) devices, alternator sensors, vibration sensors, voltagesensors, oxygen sensors, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers,ignition devices, weight sensors, wireless network devices, and/oracceleration determination devices. Systems and methods for connectingto a vehicle data bus that can be utilized in accordance with theembodiments are described in SAE J1978, titled “OBD II Scan Tool,” firstpublished by SAE International of Troy, Mich. on Mar. 1, 1992 and lastupdated Apr. 30, 2002. Systems and methods for obtaining data fromdevices connected to a vehicle data bus are described in SAE J1979,titled “E/E Diagnostic Test Modes,” first published by SAE Internationalon Dec. 1, 1991 and last updated Aug. 11, 2014. The disclosures of SAEJ1978 and SAE J1979 are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety. Systems and method for connecting to a vehicle data bus thatcan be utilized in accordance with embodiments are described in variousother SAE publications, including SAE J3005, titled “Permanently orsemi-permanently installed diagnostic communication devices”, firstpublished by SAE International on Dec. 3, 2014, the disclosure of J3005is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In a number of embodiments, the vehicle telematics device is connecteddirectly, either wired or wirelessly, to one or more sensors or vehiclemodules within the vehicle 102 and/or does not utilize the vehicle databus 112.

The vehicle telematics device 110 can include any of a variety ofsensors and/or devices, including those described herein with respect tothe vehicle data bus and any described in more detail herein, to obtaindata regarding the vehicle and its environment. The vehicle telematicsdevice 110 can also communicate with any of a variety of sensors and/ordevices by using the I/O interface 114. The I/O interface 114 can be anyconnection, including wired and wireless connections, as appropriate tothe requirements of specific applications of the embodiments.

In several embodiments, the vehicle telematics device 110 is capable ofexecuting scripts to read data and/or perform particular processes.These scripts can be pre-loaded on the device and/or obtained from theremote server system 130, vehicle data bus 112, and/or the I/O interface114 as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications of theembodiments. The vehicle telematics device 110 can be self-poweredand/or connected into the electrical system of the vehicle 102 in whichthe vehicle telematics device 110 is installed. In a variety ofembodiments, the vehicle telematics device is powered via the vehicledata bus 112 and/or the I/O interface 114.

In many embodiments, one of the sensor devices of the vehicle telematicsdevice 110 is a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order todetermine the location, speed, and/or acceleration of the vehicle 102.In many embodiments, one of the sensor devices of the vehicle telematicsdevice 110 is a multidimensional accelerometer to acquire accelerationand/or speed of the vehicle 102.

In a variety of embodiments, the vehicle telematics device 110 and/orremote server system 130 provides a user interface allowing forvisualizing and interacting with the data transmitted and/or receivedbetween the systems. In several embodiments, the vehicle telematicsdevice 110 and/or remote server system 130 provides an interface, suchas an application programming interface (API) or web service thatprovides some or all of the data to third-party systems for furtherprocessing. Access to the interface can be open and/or secured by usingany of a variety of techniques, such as by using client authorizationkeys, as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications.

Although a specific architecture of a vehicle telematics system inaccordance with embodiments are discussed herein and illustrated in FIG.#1, a variety of architectures, including sensors and other devices andtechniques not specifically described herein, can be utilized inaccordance with embodiments. Furthermore, the processes described hereincan be performed by using any combination the vehicle telematics device,mobile communications device, and/or the remote server systems asappropriate to the requirements of specific applications of theembodiments.

Vehicle Telematics Devices and Remote Server Systems

FIG. 2A is a conceptual block diagram of a vehicle telematics device inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. Vehicle telematicsdevices and remote server systems in accordance with the embodiments cantransmit and receive data regarding the vehicle. The vehicle telematicsdevice 200 includes a processor 210 in communication with memory 230.The vehicle telematics device 200 can also include one or morecommunication interfaces 220 capable of sending and receiving data. In anumber of embodiments, the communication interface 220 is incommunication with the processor 210, the memory 230, and/or the sensordevice(s) 240. In several embodiments, the memory 230 is any form ofstorage configured to store a variety of data, including, but notlimited to, a vehicle telematics application 232, sensor data 234,telematics data 236, and one more machine learning models 238. In manyembodiments, the vehicle telematics application 232, sensor data 234,telematics data 236, and/or machine learning models 238 are stored byusing an external server system and received by the vehicle telematicsdevice 200 by using the communications interface 220.

Sensor devices 240 can include RPM sensors, voltage sensors, GPSreceivers, noise sensors, vibration sensors, acceleration sensors,weight sensors, and any other device capable of measuring data regardinga vehicle as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications ofthe embodiments. Sensor devices 240 can be included within the vehicletelematics device 200 and/or located external to the vehicle telematicsdevice 200. The vehicle telematics device 200 can communicate withexternal sensor devices by using the communications interface 220, suchas via a vehicle data bus, I/O interface (including serial interfaces),mobile communications device, and/or a network connection as appropriateto the requirements of specific applications of embodiments. In avariety of embodiments, a vehicle telematics device is connected to adiagnostic connector (e.g. an OBD II port) in a vehicle. In someembodiments, information collected from sensor devices 240 and/or sensordata 234 can be in a variety of machine learning processes foridentifying a vehicle platform such as a vehicle year, make, and/ormodel as described in more detail herein. For example, vehicleidentification data (e.g., raw data collected by vehicle telematicsdevice) can include identification information from one or more vehicledevices. It should be readily appreciated by one having ordinary skillthat these are merely illustrative examples and any such information canbe used as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications.

FIG. 2B is a conceptual block diagram of a remote server system, inaccordance with an embodiment. The remote server system 130 includes aprocessor 252 in communication with memory 260. The remote server system130 can also include one or more communications interfaces 254 capableof sending and receiving, such as with a vehicle telematics device. In anumber of embodiments, the communication interface is in communicationwith the processor 252 and/or the memory 260. In several embodiments,the memory 260 is any form of storage configured to store a variety ofdata, including, but not limited to, a server application 262, anoperating system 264, vehicle identification data 266, vehicleconfiguration data 268, and/or one or more machine learning models. Inmany embodiments, the server application 262, an operating system 264,vehicle identification data 266, vehicle configuration data 268, and/ormachine learning models 269 are stored by using an external serversystem and received by the remote server system 130 by using the remotecommunications interface 254.

The processor 210 and processor 252 can be directed, by the vehicletelematics application 232 and the server application 262 respectively,to perform a variety of vehicle platform identification processes.Vehicle platform identification processes can include obtaining vehiclebus data and identifying a vehicle platform, including an associated setof vehicle configuration settings (e.g., a set of PIDs), for theparticular vehicle platform. In many embodiments, the vehicle platformcan be identified by matching identification information obtained fromone or more vehicle modules with information stored in a database thatincludes vehicle platform profiles and associated sets of PIDs for thedifferent vehicle profiles. In several embodiments, a vehicle platformcan be identified using a machine learning model that has beenpre-trained on a large collection of labeled vehicle bus data obtainedfrom many different vehicles with different platforms (e.g., differentYMM, among other variations) in order to classify a particular vehiclebased on an analysis of bus data obtained from the vehicle. Vehicleplatform identification processes that can be performed in accordancewith embodiments are described in more detail herein.

Although specific architectures for vehicle telematics devices andremote server systems in accordance with embodiments are conceptuallyillustrated in FIGS. 2A-B, any of a variety of architectures, includingthose that store data or applications (e.g., machine learning models) ondisk or some other form of storage and are loaded into memory atruntime, can also be utilized. Additionally, any of the data utilized inthe system can be cached and transmitted once a network connection (suchas a wireless network connection via the communications interface)becomes available. In a variety of embodiments, a memory includescircuitry such as, but not limited to, memory cells constructed by usingtransistors, that are configured to store instructions. Similarly, aprocessor can include logic gates formed from transistors (or any otherdevice) that dynamically perform actions based on the instructionsstored in the memory. In several embodiments, the instructions areembodied in a configuration of logic gates within the processor toimplement and/or perform actions described by the instructions. In thisway, the systems and methods described herein can be performed utilizingboth general-purpose computing hardware and by single-purpose devices.

Integrated Asset Tracker

FIG. 3 illustrates a block circuit diagram of components of a telematicsdevice in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The blockcircuit diagram illustrates components that cooperate to provide one ormore capabilities of the telematics device, including a processor 302(e.g., an STM32L496VG or STM32L4A6VG from STMICROELECTRONICS) acommunication bus module 3304 (e.g., a 1-Wire communication bus module,such as a DS2484R+T from MAXIM INTEGRATED) connected to the processorover an I2C bus, a CAN bus transceiver 506 (e.g., a CAN H/LMCP2562T-E/MF from MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY INC.), a serial interface 308(e.g., a MAX3218EAP RS-232 interface from MAXIM INTEGRATED) withUniversal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) support, flash memory310 (e.g., a W25Q16FWUXIE flash memory module from WINBOND ELECTRONICS)connected via a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), an accelerometer andgyroscopic sensor 312 (e.g., an LSM6DSL chip from STMICROELECTRONICS)connected via SPI, a temperature sensor 314 (e.g., a STTS751 temperaturesensor by STMICROELECTRONICS) connected via SPI, a satellite navigationmodule 316 (e.g., a UBX-M8030 from U-BLOX HOLDING AG) connected viaUART, a wireless module 318 (e.g., a BLUETOOTH wireless module, such asa BLUENRG-2 module from STMICROELECTRONICS) connected over UART, acellular module 320 (e.g., a BG96 module or EG91 module from QUECTELWIRELESS SOLUTIONS CO.) connected via UART. Although FIG. 3 illustratesa circuit diagram of various components of a telematics device, any of avariety of components may be specified as appropriate to therequirements of specific applications in accordance with embodiments ofthe invention.

Software Architecture

FIG. 4 illustrates a software architecture 400 for use with telematicsdevices described herein in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. The software architecture 400 is an example softwarearchitecture for providing one or more of the features and capabilitiesof the telematics device. The software architecture 400 includes amessage bus 402, an application/agent layer 410, an LM API layer 420, acore services layer 430, and a driver/kernel layer 480. Theapplication/agent layer 410 includes an HTTP service 412, a REST API414, and 3rd party applications 416. The LM API layer 420 includes an LMAPI 422 (e.g., a limited header API of the core services). The coreservices layer 430 includes an L2/L3 security service 432, an AT commandinterface service 434, an MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)service 436, an LM direct service 438, a DNLD service 442, an OMA/FOTAservice 444, a WDOG service 446, a logging service 448, a connectionmanager service 452, a MEMS motion/ICN Gyro service 454, a configurationengine 456, a VBUS driver 458, an I/O service 462, a BLUETOOTH LEservice 464, a WIFI service 466, a router service 468, a modem SMSservice 472, a GPS service 474, a power state manager service 476, and amemory/configuration/parameter SREG INVmem service 478. Thedrivers/kernel layer 480 includes a HAL (Hardware AbstractionLayer)/Linux driver, an IP sec module 484, a VBU UART module 486, a MEMSmodule 488, a GPIO module 492, communication drivers 494 (e.g., driversfor HOSTAP, WIFI, or BLUETOOTH LE), a router driver 496 (e.g.,IPTABLES), MALL/QMI/QMUXD drivers 498, SMD drivers 401, a POSIXinterface 404, an operating system 406 (e.g., a LINUX operating systemor a real time operating system such as THREADX), and an NV memorymodule 408. A telematics device can use the configuration engine 456 andone or more scripts to perform one or more vehicle platformidentification and telematics device configuration processes. AlthoughFIG. 4 illustrates a particular software architecture of a telematicsdevice with automatic vehicle identification and configuration features,any of a variety of software architectures for the telematics device maybe utilized as appropriate to the requirements of specific applicationsin accordance with embodiments of the invention.

Telematics Device Configurations for Different Vehicle Modules

Different vehicles with different YMM may include many different vehiclemodules communicating on the vehicle bus and a telematics device inaccordance with many embodiments of the invention can be configured(e.g., during installation) to enable communication with the variousvehicle modules based on the particular communication platformassociated with the vehicle. As such a telematics device can beinstalled in a variety of different vehicles and automatically detectand select configuration settings for each different vehicle based ondata received from the vehicle modules on the vehicle. FIG. 5illustrates an example of different vehicle modules that may exist on avehicle, including some of the core vehicle devices, including theEngine Control Unit (ECU), navigation, car audio control units, airbagcontrol units, brake control unit, suspension control, door sensors,along with other vehicle devices that may be provided on a smallersubset of vehicles, including, for example, millimeter-wave radar,pedestrians protecting unit, curtain airbag, among various other vehiclemodules. Accordingly, many embodiments of the telematics device are ableautomatically identify and set configuration settings for communicationon a particular vehicle platform with the configuration specifically setaccording to the particular set of vehicle modules that exist within aparticular vehicle. Accordingly, a telematics device can determine aparticular platform associated with a vehicle, and obtain configurationsettings, including a particular set of PIDS, that enable the device tocommunicate with the set of vehicle devices on the vehicle. In manyembodiments, the platform can be identified based on an analysis ofdifferent types of identification information obtained from severaldifferent vehicle modules on the vehicle.

In many embodiments, different vehicle modules may provide differenttypes of identification information on the vehicle bus and thisinformation can be matched to information stored in a database that hasbeen reverse engineered for a vehicle having a same or similar platform(e.g., a same or similar set of vehicle devices). Accordingly, theconfiguration settings that have been reverse engineered for a vehicleof a same or similar platform can be used for a new vehicle havingprovided a set of matching identification data.

In many embodiments, a platform from many different platforms canassociated with a particular vehicle type that includes a particular setof vehicle modules. In many embodiments, reverse engineering may beutilized to determine the configuration settings for different vehicletypes with different sets of vehicle modules. A platform can be used fordifferent vehicles that have the same vehicle modules. For example,vehicles from different manufacturers that use a same vehicle modulescan be associated with a same platform. Accordingly, through reverseengineering many different vehicles with different vehicle modules, adatabase can be generated that includes many different platforms fordifferent vehicle types. FIG. 7 illustrates an example of differenttypes of identification data that can be used to identify differenttypes of vehicle platforms in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. As illustrated, a VW/AUDI platform can be identified using anASAM/ODX File ID, whereas an Alfa Romeo can be identified using ahardware of software ID. Accordingly, different vehicle modules mayprovide different types of identification data or data that can be usedto identify a vehicle on the vehicle bus, which can be collected throughreverse engineering and stored for use in identifying new, unknownvehicle types and the associated platforms for those vehicles. FIG. 8illustrates an example of different types of vehicle modules that can beavailable for different types of vehicles in accordance with anembodiment of the invention. For example, a VW/AUDI that has beenreverse engineered can have a steering assist module, a BCM module,Engine module, TCM module, Airbag module, among numerous others.Furthermore, a bus type, speed, request CAN ID, and Response CAN ID canbe collected for each module. As such, for example, an unknown vehiclemodule that provides a same Resp CAN ID as that which has beenpreviously stored for a VW/AUDI can be used to identify the vehicle.Upon identifying the vehicle, it can further be used to identify avehicle platform and an associated set of configuration settings for thevehicle.

A process for generating a set of vehicle platforms for differentvehicles in accordance with an embodiment of the invention isillustrated in FIG. 6 . The process 600 selects (605) a particularvehicle with a particular set of vehicle modules for many differentvehicle types and collects vehicle bus logs for the particular vehicle.Different vehicle types can include vehicles with different sets ofvehicle modules from different manufacturers, among many otherdifferences. In many embodiments, different vehicle types includevehicles with different makes, models, years, trim levels, geographicregions, after-market customizations, among various other manufacturingand production differences such that each different vehicle type mayneed different sets of configuration settings for communicating with theparticular set of vehicle modules available on a particular vehicle. Inmany embodiments, vehicles from different manufacturers can beassociated with a same vehicle platform, for example, vehicles that havethe same set of vehicle modules from the same set of manufacturers, sameversion numbers, among other constraints can communicate using the sameset of configuration settings. The process can use reverse engineeringto identify a set of configuration settings for each vehicle device onthe vehicle and store the configuration settings for the platformassociated with the vehicle. In many embodiments, the process may use atrial and error technique to determine the configuration settings forcommunicating with different vehicle devices on a particular vehicle.

In many embodiments, the reverse engineering can include analyzingvehicle bus logs in order to map particular PIDs to particular vehiclemodules and storing the PIDs in a database. Furthermore, the bus logscan be used to extract identifiable sets of data for identifying aparticular vehicle module, with different vehicle modules providingdifferent types of identifiable data. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 7 , identifiable data can include associating any one of amanufacturer information, software ID information, hardware ID, versionnumber, ODX file number, ISO code, Serial number, Diagnostic ID, PartNumber, ECU part number, among many other types of data that can be usedfor identification of a vehicle module and/or a vehicle type. Thisidentification data can be stored in a database and used to match newidentification data received for an unknown vehicle with a platformassociated with the vehicle.

The process associates (610) a platform with a particular set ofconfiguration settings for the set of vehicle devices on the particularvehicle. In many embodiments, the process can determine a complete listof vehicle devices that will be available on a particular vehicle basedon the platform associated with the vehicle.

The process stores the platform and associated configuration settings ina database. The process ends. Specific processes for generating a set ofvehicle platforms through reverse engineering in accordance withembodiments of the invention are described above and shown with respectto FIG. 6 ; however, any number of processes and protocols can beutilized as appropriate to the requirements of a specific applicationsin accordance with embodiments of the invention.

In many embodiments, the configuration of a telematics device isconfigured specifically based on information obtained from theindividual vehicle modules that exist on the vehicle, which may bedifferent for different vehicles, even from the same year, manufacturerand model. In particular, different vehicle modules may have differenthardware numbers, firmware number, ODX file versions, among variousother identifying information, and a telematics device can be configuredto include a specific set of PIDs for the particular vehicle in whichthe module is installed.

A process for obtaining identifying information from vehicle devices andconfiguring a telematics device accordingly in accordance with anembodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 9 . The processreceives (905) vehicle module identification information for variousdifferent vehicle modules on a vehicle. In many embodiments, the processcan obtain the vehicle module identification information by requestingthe information from the vehicle devices by sending one or moredifferent protocol request messages to the vehicle devices on thevehicle bus. In many embodiments, the vehicle module identificationinformation can include any of a variety of different types ofinformation that can be used to identify the vehicle and/or the vehiclemodule, including a software ID, hardware ID, firmware ID, ODX fileversion, among various other identifying information. In manyembodiments, the process can obtain several different types ofidentifying information from several different vehicle modules and basedon the collection of identifying information, determine a platformassociated with the particular vehicle. For example, the process mayobtain a hardware ID from a first vehicle device, a software ID from adifferent second vehicle device, and a vehicle device identifier from athird vehicle device, and based on the collection of identificationinformation, determine that a particular platform is associated with thevehicle. In particular, the process may match the different types ofidentifying information with information stored in a database todetermine a platform for the vehicle. Accordingly, different types ofidentifying information can be utilized to identify a vehicle platform.In many embodiments, the process can normalize the different types ofidentifying information from different vehicles into a normalizedformat. For example, each vehicle module manufacturer can use aparticular data format, and the process can normalize the differentformats.

The process identifies 910 a vehicle platform and an associated set ofconfiguration settings, including a set of vehicle PIDs for theparticular platform based on the obtained vehicle module information. Inmany embodiments, the process can access one or more databases on one ormore servers, where the database can include information regardingdifferent sets identifying information for different vehicle modules andan associated set of configuration settings (e.g., PIDs) for theparticular vehicle modules. In many embodiments, the process canidentify a closest matching platform that has been stored in a databasethat includes similar matching information. In several embodiments, theprocess can do different types of analysis to identify a similarplatform, including identifying a stored platform with matchingidentifiers, manufacturers, device IDs, software IDs, Hardware IDs,among various other types of identification data that can be utilized asappropriate to the requirements of specific applications in accordancewith embodiments of the invention.

In certain embodiments, the process can identify vehicle moduleconfiguration settings for each vehicle module by matching returnedinformation from a vehicle module with previously stored information ina database.

In many embodiments, the information stored in the database may bedetermined through reverse engineering of different vehicles and vehiclemodules in order to determine the platform of a vehicle YMM and the setof vehicle modules that may exist on different vehicle types. In manyembodiments, a platform can identify a complete set of vehicle devicesthat exist on a particular vehicle and a complete set of configurationsettings for communicating with all of the vehicle devices on thevehicle.

Furthermore, in many embodiments, one or more databases on one or moreservers can include information regarding associations between sets ofconfiguration settings (e.g., PIDs for communicating on a vehicle CANbus) and particular vehicle modules. For example, a vehicle modulemanufactured by a certain manufacturer can be associated with a set ofconfiguration settings. By providing a granular association between setsof configuration settings and specific vehicle modules, and anassociation between platforms and different vehicle types, the processimproves the ability of telematics devices to communicate with differentvehicle devices on which the telematics devices are installed.

The process configures (915) a telematics device according to theconfiguration settings. In many embodiments, the process can send a setof PIDs to a telematics device on the vehicle. The process ends.Specific processes for configuring a telematics device based on anidentification of a vehicle platform in accordance with embodiments ofthe invention are described above and shown with respect to FIG. 9 ;however, any number of processes and protocols can be utilized asappropriate to the requirements of a specific applications in accordancewith embodiments of the invention.

Vehicle Platform Identification Using Machine Learning on can BusTraffic

In many embodiments, a telematics device can be configured for aparticular vehicle using identification information obtained usingmachine learning on the vehicle bus data. In certain embodiments,vehicle identification data obtained from the vehicle modules can besupplemented with a machine learning analysis of the vehicle can busdata to determine a platform associated with the vehicle.

In particular, many embodiments may use supervised learning classifiersto identify vehicle platforms using a training data set of labeledvehicle bus data obtained from a large collection of different vehicles.In particular, a neural network model can be trained using a collectionof vehicle CAN bus data obtained from different vehicles with differentplatforms (e.g., make, model, year, manufacturer, trim, among otherdifferences) and new vehicles can be identified by running the model ona small collection of bus data obtained from the vehicle. Vehicletelematics systems in accordance with a variety of embodiments canutilize a variety of advance machine learning techniques to identify avehicle platform and determine a vehicle profile associated with theplatform.

In many embodiments, unsupervised learning classifiers (e.g.,clustering, neural networks, and/or other classifiers) can identifyrelationships in uncategorized vehicle bus data to identify relatedvehicle platforms, in accordance with many embodiments of the invention.Unsupervised learning classifiers can group different sets of vehiclebus data by doing cluster analysis to determine relationships betweendifferent sets of bus data. These groups in data points can generallyindicate that bus data from a particular vehicle is related to aparticular platform.

The machine learning classifier can include any of a variety ofclassifiers including (but not limited to) supervised learningclassifiers, unsupervised learning classifiers, and/or a combination ofseveral classifiers. Supervised learning classifiers can include (butare not limited to) artificial neural networks, nearest neighboralgorithms, decision trees, support vector machines, random forests,ensembles of classifiers, and/or a combination of supervised learningclassifiers. In a variety of embodiments, supervised learningclassifiers can be further adapted to be unsupervised learningclassifiers for the identification of vehicle platform classification asappropriate to the requirements of specific applications of embodiments.Unsupervised learning classifiers can include (but are not limited to)k-means clustering, mixture models, hierarchical clustering, anomalydetection, artificial neural networks, expectation-maximizationalgorithms, principal component analysis, independent componentanalysis, singular value decomposition, isolation forests, and/or acombination of unsupervised learning classifiers.

The system can parallelize the computations of the machine learningclassifiers (e.g., ensemble isolation forests) across as many processingcores that are available. For example, if a server has n processors,then each of the n processors can work to perform computations for oneor more machine learning classifier (e.g., one isolation forest). Incertain embodiments, one or more devices on a vehicle may perform themachine learning. In several embodiments, a telematics device canutilize the processing resources of a smart phone or other connecteddevice to perform the machine learning processes.

In many embodiments, a neural network can be executed on a telematicsdevice, whereby the telematics device can obtain vehicle bus data fromthe vehicle in which it is installed and provide the vehicle bus data toa machine learning model on the device. In several embodiments, atelematics device can provide some or all of a vehicle bus data for atime period to a server and the server can execute the machine learningmodel on the bus data to identify a vehicle platform. In certainembodiments, any combination of telematics devices, smart phones,tablets and/or servers can work to perform computations for one moremachine classifiers as appropriate to the requirements of specificapplications in accordance with embodiments of the invention.

Supervised Machine Learning Systems

In many embodiments, a supervised learning classifier may be used toidentify vehicle platforms based on vehicle bus data. A known (orlabeled) set of vehicle bus data, which can be referred to as a trainingset, can be used to train the machine learning classifier. Once themachine learning classifier is trained by using the labeled trainingset, the machine learning classifier can classify unknown sets ofvehicle bus data. Correctly classified data can be added to the trainingset to continuously improve the performance of the machine learningsystem. Similarly, information related to incorrectly classified vehiclebus data can also be added to the training data set to improve theprecision of the machine learning system.

Supervised machine learning classifiers analyze information, inparticular, vehicle bus data collected by vehicle telematics devicesfrom many different types of vehicles with different platforms toclassify the vehicle to a particular platform. Supervised learningclassifiers identify relationships in labeled vehicle bus information. Aknown (or labeled) set of vehicle telematics device information, whichcan be referred to as a training set, is used to train the machinelearning classifier. Once the machine learning classifier is trained byusing the labeled training set, the machine learning classifierclassifies unknown sets of vehicle bus information. Correctly classifiedinformation is added to the training set to continuously improve theperformance of the machine learning system. Similarly, informationrelated to incorrectly classified vehicle bus data can be added to thetraining data set to improve the precision of the machine learningsystem.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual block diagram of a supervised machine learningsystem 1000. The system 1000 receives raw vehicle bus data 1002 from oneor more vehicle telematics devices installed in one or more differentvehicles. From the raw bus data 1002, the system 1000 performs featureextraction to generate Feature 1 through Feature n. In many embodiments,each feature may correspond to a data field within the bus data 1002.Example data fields for an example CAN vehicle bus for a particularvehicle are described with reference to FIG. 11 , and can include CANPort, Message ID, Message payload, among other data-fields within theCAN bus data. In many embodiments, the Message ID corresponds to anidentifier for a vehicle module on the vehicle bus. The system 1000inputs the features into a model 1012, which classifies the vehicle busto a particular Label 1 . . . N.

In many embodiments, a machine learning model can be trained oncollected vehicle bus data patterns and statistics. In many embodiments,the machine learning model can be trained on a frequency of a particularvehicle module ID (e.g., Message ID da-field for CAN Bus data) appearingwithin the bus traffic within a set time period. An example of a vehicleCAN bus data log for a particular vehicle that can be used to train amachine learning model in accordance with an embodiment of the inventionis illustrated in FIG. 11 . In particular, the CAN bus data can includea timestamp, CAN Port, Message ID (e.g., vehicle module ID), and Messagepayload, among various other data-fields and information. In thisexample, the data is captured for a vehicle that is a 2007 Ford Transit.Within this particular time frame illustrated in FIG. 11 , ranging fromtime stamp 0.003251 to 0.0212623, various different Message IDs areindicated, including 4FE, 38A, 38B, 38E, among numerous others. In manyembodiments, bus statistics can be determined for the vehicle CAN busdata in order to provide an electronic signature for the vehicle can busdata. In many embodiments, a frequency of the Message ID may be used totrain a neural network for different vehicles. As illustrated in FIG. 11, the Message ID “4FE” is seen two times within the particular timeframe. A frequency for each of the different Message IDs can becalculated and used to train a neural network to identify new vehiclesbased on similar CAN bus statistics (e.g., other bus data having a setof Message IDs with similar frequencies). In many embodiments, a vehicletelematics device can collect a small sample of a CAN bus data from avehicle on which the telematics device is installed and compute afrequency and Message ID statistics, and the vehicle telematics devicecan provide this information to a server, whereby the server canclassify run the bus statistics using a trained machine learning modelto identify a vehicle platform. In particular, many embodiments canreduce the bandwidth requirements of providing the bus data from atelematics device on a vehicle to a server by computing and providingonly the Message ID and frequency information, and removing or notsending the remaining information available in the CAN bus data log,including, for example the Message payload overhead. Many embodiments ofthe machine learning model can be trained on different data fields usingdifferent statistical analysis and/or pattern recognition processes ofthe vehicle bus data, including analyzing the Message payload datafield, as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications.Processes for using machine learning to identify vehicle platforms inaccordance with embodiments of the invention are described herein.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual block diagram of a supervised machine learningsystem, including example feature extraction of information from theavailable vehicle bus data. The system 1200 receives vehicle bus data1202 from one or more vehicle telematics devices. From the vehicle busdata 1202, the system 1200 performs feature extraction to extract one ormore fields from the vehicle bus data, which may include extracting avehicle module ID description, among various other features. In manyembodiments, each feature can be a data field within the vehicle busdata 1202. In many embodiments, at the feature extraction stage, thesystem may also analyze the vehicle bus data and compute a frequency ofa particular data field. In many embodiments, a frequency of a vehiclemodule ID (e.g., Message ID) data field may be utilized. In manyembodiments, a vehicle module ID data field is unique to each vehiclemodule or node on the vehicle bus and can be used to identify thevehicle module sending a message on the bus. In many embodiments, thevehicle module ID number may be assigned a priority rank based on theimportance of the vehicle device such that vehicle devices with higherpriorities are processed on the vehicle bus over those with lowerpriorities. For example, a vehicle device such as the vehicle brakingsystem may have a higher priority message for filtering purposes over aradio vehicle device. In this example, the system inputs the featuresinto a model 1212, which assigns a label (e.g., L1, . . . , Ln) to thedata. In many embodiments, the model 1212 is a neural network that maybe trained on a large collection of vehicle bus data from differentvehicle platforms. In many embodiments, the model 1212 may be trained onparticular sets of vehicle bus data, including a frequency of a vehiclemodule ID appearing within a set time period (e.g., 10 seconds) of avehicle bus message log, which may be used as a vehicle's “electronicsignature” similar to a person's fingerprint. Different models may betrained using different types of analysis of the vehicle bus data,including pattern, statistical, or contextual analysis. Furthermore,different data fields of the vehicle bus data may be analyzed asappropriate to the requirements of specific applications in accordancewith embodiments of the invention. Although FIG. 12 illustrates using afrequency and vehicle module ID for training a neural network, any of avariety of bus data fields may be utilized as appropriate to therequirements of specific applications in accordance with embodiments ofthe invention.

Unsupervised Machine Learning Systems

Unsupervised machine learning systems, in accordance with embodiments,are designed to solve problems associated with rule-based algorithms andsupervised learning systems that may need a labeled data set fortraining. Unsupervised machine learning classifiers can analyze vehiclebus data collected by vehicle telematics devices to identify a vehicleplatform. Unsupervised learning classifiers (e.g., clustering, and/orother classifiers) can identify relationships in uncategorized vehiclebus data to generate groups of related vehicles with similar electronicsignatures based on the bus data.

FIG. 13 is a conceptual block diagram of an unsupervised machinelearning system 1300, in accordance with an embodiment. The system 1300receives raw vehicle bus data 1302 from one or more vehicle telematicsdevices. The system receives a set of features for data extraction. Forexample, a human can determine that the system 1300 will extract dataassociated with the following features: vehicle module ID. Each featurecan be associated with a data-field within the raw vehicle bus data1302. Example data-fields for a CAN vehicle bus in accordance with anembodiment of the invention are described with reference to FIG. 11 .From the vehicle bus data 1302, the system 1300 can perform featureextraction to generate data associated with Feature 1 through Feature n.The system 1300 inputs the features into an unsupervised learning model1312, which assigns a label (e.g., L1, . . . , Ln) to the data.Unsupervised learning classifiers for the model 1312 can include (butare not limited to) k-means clustering, nearest neighbor, mixturemodels, hierarchical clustering, anomaly detection, artificial neuralnetworks, expectation-maximization algorithms, principal componentanalysis, independent component analysis, singular value decomposition,isolation forests, and/or a combination of unsupervised learningclassifiers. Although FIG. 13 illustrates using an unsupervised learningmodel, any of a variety of machine learning techniques may be utilizedfor vehicle platform identification as appropriate to the requirementsof specific applications in accordance with embodiments of theinvention. Many embodiments may utilize an unsupervised clusteringmachine learning technique whereby a model can group raw vehicle datainto groups with similar electronic signatures.

FIG. 14 illustrates using a clustering machine learning model to clusterinto different groups vehicle bus data. In particular, vehicle bus data1402 is obtained and a clustering model is applied to classify the busdata into different groups, including Group 1 1404, Group 2 1406, GroupN 1408. Accordingly, each group can then be associated with a vehicleplatform 1410. The platform information can be associated with variousdifferent vehicle identification information, including YMM, trim,manufacturer, vehicle BUS protocol, geographic region of operation,among various other identification information). Based on the identifiedvehicle platform, many embodiments are able to identify a configurationprofile or set of configuration settings (e.g., set of PIDs for enablingcommunicating with the set of vehicle modules on a vehicle) that can beused to enable communication on a particular vehicle platform. In manyembodiments, different clustering techniques may be utilized, includingK-means and K-Nearest Neighbor. An example of using K-Nearest Neighborto cluster a set of vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention is illustrated in FIG. 15 .

In particular, FIG. 15 illustrates using a K-Nearest Neighborunsupervised learning classifier on a set of vehicles. In manyembodiments, a K-Nearest Neighbor technique includes computing anL2-norm (Euclidean distance, Pythagorean theorem). As illustrated, a setof vehicles, including a 2015 Benz Sprinter, 2007 For Transit, 2016Vauxhall Corsa among several other vehicles have been grouped into afirst cluster and a 2016 Toyota Hino, a 2014 VauxHall Combo, and a 2015VauxHall Combo have been grouped into a second cluster. Each cluster canbe associated with a particular vehicle platform, accordingly a same setof vehicle device configuration settings for a 2016 Toyota Hino willlikely be functional for a 2014 VauxHall Combo. Although FIG. 15illustrates grouping a set of vehicles using a K-Nearest Neighbor model,any of a variety of machine learning models can be utilized to classifyvehicle bus data to a set of vehicle profiles as appropriate to therequirements of specific applications in accordance with embodiments ofthe invention.

Additionally, machine learning classifiers can optionally use featureextraction to combine information in a way that still meaningfullyrepresents the data. It should be readily apparent to one havingordinary skill in the art that many feature extraction techniques areavailable such as (but not limited to) principal component analysis,independent component analysis, isomap analysis, and/or partial leastsquares, and that feature extraction itself is optional.

In many embodiments, a telematics device can be configured for aparticular vehicle using identification information obtained usingmachine learning on the vehicle bus data, including a statisticalanalysis of the vehicle bus data. In particular, a machine learningmodel can be trained using a large collection of bus data from differentvehicles, and new vehicles can be identified by running the model on asmall collection of bus data obtained from the vehicle. A process fortraining a machine learning model on vehicle bus data to identify andclassify vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of the invention isillustrated in FIG. 16 . The process, for a vehicle type from manydifferent vehicle types with different years, makes and models, listens(1605) to bus traffic of the vehicle for a time period. In manyembodiments, the vehicles can be from different manufacturers, or thesame manufacturer with different years, makes, models, trim levels,features, among many other configurations for different vehicles. Theprocess can listen and collect bus data for a set time period, such as10 seconds, or for different time periods that can be dynamicallydetermined during operation of the vehicle. Different embodiments maycollect bus information at different times during operation of thevehicle. For example, many embodiments may wait for a few minutes aftera vehicle start up to begin collecting bus data from the vehicle inorder to provide time for the various vehicle devices to initialize andbegin executing. Different time periods can be utilized for differentvehicles.

The process may determine (1610) an electronic signature for the bustraffic for each type of vehicle, including for example determiningpatterns, content, and/or statistics of the bus data. In manyembodiments, the process can include determining a frequency for avehicle module ID appearing in the bus data within a time period. Inparticular, many embodiments may determine the frequency by whichdifferent vehicle module IDs appear within a snap shot of the bustraffic. The process trains (1615) a machine learning model using thecollected bus data for the different vehicles. In certain embodiments,other patterns, statistics, or features of the CAN bus traffic can beanalyzed to ascertain an electronic signature, includingmessages/second, median message interval, median data length,auto-correlated period, median message length, among many other featuresas appropriate to the requirements of specific applications inaccordance with embodiments of the invention. The process ends. Specificprocesses for training a machine learning model to identify vehicleplatforms using vehicle bus data for different vehicles in accordancewith embodiments of the invention are described above and shown withrespect to FIG. 16 ; however, any number of processes and protocols canbe utilized as appropriate to the requirements of a specificapplications in accordance with embodiments of the invention.

Telematics devices in accordance with many embodiments of the inventioncan be installed in different types of vehicles that utilize differentcommunication protocols and that include different sets of vehiclemodules, and the telematics devices can be configured based on theparticular set of vehicle properties that exist in the vehicle in whichthey are installed. Many embodiments can use one or more machinelearning models to assist in the identification of a vehicle platformand the configuration of the telematics device for the identifiedplatform. A process for identifying a vehicle platform and configuring atelematics device accordingly in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention is illustrated in FIG. 17 . The process obtains (1705) vehiclebus data. In many embodiments, the process may listen to vehicle CAN bustraffic for a time period (e.g., a few seconds). The process extractsvehicle bus data for the time period. In certain embodiments, theprocess may extract certain data-fields from the vehicle bus data,including the vehicle module ID. In many embodiments, the process maycompute statistics for different data-fields in the vehicle bus traffic,including a frequency of a vehicle module ID (e.g., via the CAN MessageID data-field) frequencies, for the time period. The process uses (1715)a machine learning model using the extracted features. In manyembodiments, the machine learning model can be a neural network that hasbeen trained using a large collection of previously obtained and labeledvehicle bus data from a large variety of different vehicles. The processidentifies (1720) a vehicle platform based on the machine learningmodel. In many embodiments, the process may identify a year, make,and/or model of the vehicle using the machine learning model. In manyembodiments, a vehicle platform can be defined that provides informationfor communicating with a set of vehicle devices that may exist on aparticular vehicle of a particular type. The process obtains (1725) aset of vehicle configuration settings based on the identified vehicleplatform. In many embodiments, the process may identify a set of PIDsfor the vehicle devices. The process ends. Specific processes foridentifying a vehicle platform using a machine learning model inaccordance with embodiments of the invention are described above andshown with respect to FIG. 17 ; however, any number of processes andprotocols can be utilized as appropriate to the requirements of aspecific applications in accordance with embodiments of the invention.

Although the embodiments have been described in certain specificaspects, many additional modifications and variations would be apparentto those skilled in the art. In particular, any of the various processesdescribed herein can be performed in alternative sequences and/or inparallel (on the same or on different computing devices) in order toachieve similar results in a manner that is more appropriate to therequirements of a specific application. It is therefore to be understoodthat the embodiments that are disclosed can be practiced otherwise thanspecifically described without departing from the scope and spirit ofthis disclosure. Thus, the embodiments should be considered in allrespects as illustrative and not restrictive. It will be evident to theperson skilled in the art to freely combine several or all of theembodiments discussed here as deemed suitable for a specificapplication. Throughout this disclosure, terms like “advantageous”,“exemplary” or “preferred” indicate elements or dimensions that areparticularly suitable (but not essential) to one or more embodiments,and may be modified wherever deemed suitable by the skilled person,except where expressly required. Accordingly, the scope of theembodiments should be determined not by those illustrated and described,but by the appended claims and their equivalents.

1. A server for determining configuration settings for a telematicsdevice to facilitate communications with vehicle modules of a vehicle,the server comprising: a communications interface; one or moreprocessors; and a memory having stored therein a plurality ofinstructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causethe server to: receive, via the communications interface and from atelematics device of each of a plurality of vehicles, an electronicsignature of each corresponding vehicle, wherein the electronicsignature comprises vehicle bus data of the corresponding vehiclecaptured by the corresponding telematics device during a time period;generate a machine learning model using the electronic signaturesreceived from the telematics devices, wherein the machine learning modelis configured to classify a subsequently received electronic signatureto one of a plurality of vehicle platforms; and identify, for each oneof the plurality of vehicle platforms, a set of configuration settingsusable by a telematics device to communicate with one or more vehiclemodules of the corresponding vehicle.
 2. The server of claim 1, whereinthe electronic signature includes identification data that identifiesthe corresponding vehicle or a vehicle module of the correspondingvehicle.
 3. The server of claim 1, wherein to generate the machinelearning model comprises to analyze a pattern, a frequency, or a contentof data included in each electronic signature.
 4. The server of claim 1,wherein to generate the machine learning model comprises to analyze afrequency of a vehicle module ID included in each electronic signature,wherein the frequency comprises a number of occurrences of the vehiclemodule ID in the electronic signature.
 5. The server of claim 1, whereinto generate the machine learning model comprises to: receive, for eachelectronic signature, a labeled electronic signature, wherein thelabeled electronic signature comprises data added to the electronicsignature that identifies characteristics of the electronic signature;and train a supervised learning classifier using the labeled electronicsignature.
 6. The server of claim 1, wherein to generate the machinelearning model comprises to establish an unsupervised machine learningclassifier to perform, on each electronic signature, cluster analysis toidentify one or more relationships between data included in theelectronic signatures.
 7. The server of claim 1, wherein the pluralityof instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, furthercause the server to transmit the machine learning model to each of thetelematics devices.
 8. The server of claim 1, wherein the plurality ofinstructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further causethe server to transmit the machine learning model to a telematics devicedifferent from the telematics devices from which the electronicsignatures were received.
 9. The server of claim 1, wherein the set ofconfiguration settings comprises On-Board Diagnostic Parameter IDs(OBD-II PIDs).
 10. The server of claim 1, wherein the electronicsignature comprises Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle bus data ofthe corresponding vehicle captured by the corresponding telematicsdevice during the time period.
 11. A server for determiningconfiguration settings for a telematics device to facilitatecommunications with vehicle modules of a vehicle, the server comprising:a communications interface; one or more processors; and a memory havingstored therein a plurality of instructions that, when executed by theone or more processors, cause the server to: receive, via thecommunication interface and from the telematics device of the vehicle,an electronic signature of the vehicle, wherein the electronic signaturecomprises vehicle bus data of the corresponding vehicle captured by thecorresponding telematics device during a time period; determine, using amachine learning model, a vehicle platform of the vehicle based on theelectronic signature; identify, based on the determined vehicleplatform, a set of configuration settings usable by the telematicsdevice to communicate with the vehicle modules of the vehicle; andtransmit, via the communication interface, the set of configurationsettings to the telematics device.
 12. The server of claim 11, whereinthe electronic signature includes identification data that identifiesthe vehicle or one or more of the vehicle modules of the vehicle. 13.The server of claim 11, wherein the time period is dynamicallydetermined.
 14. The server of claim 11, wherein the initiation of thetime period is based on a vehicle event of the vehicle.
 15. The serverof claim 11, wherein to determine the vehicle platform based on theelectronic signature comprises to analyze a pattern, a frequency, or acontent of data included in the electronic signature.
 16. The server ofclaim 11, to determine the vehicle platform based on the electronicsignature comprises to analyze a frequency of a vehicle module IDincluded in the electronic signature, wherein the frequency comprises anumber of occurrences of the vehicle module ID in the electronicsignature.
 17. The server of claim 11, wherein to determine the vehicleplatform based on the electronic signature comprises to determine thevehicle platform using, on the electronic signature, a supervisedlearning classifier that has been trained on labeled electronicsignatures received from other telematics devices of other vehicles. 18.The server of claim 11, wherein to determine the vehicle platform basedon the electronic signature comprises to determine the vehicle platformusing, on the electronic signature, an unsupervised machine learningclassifier that has previously performed cluster analysis on electronicsignatures received from other telematics devices of other vehicles toidentify one or more relationships between data included in theelectronic signatures received from the other telematics devices. 19.The server of claim 1, wherein the set of configuration settingscomprises On-Board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs).
 20. Theserver of claim 1, wherein the electronic signature comprises ControllerArea Network (CAN) vehicle bus data of the corresponding vehiclecaptured by the the telematics device during the time period.